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HAVING Syntax

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Last updated: 2024-01-20 17:25:15
The HAVING syntax is used to filter grouped and aggregated data. The difference between HAVING and WHERE is that HAVING is executed on data after grouping (GROUP BY) and before ordering (ORDER BY) while WHERE is executed on the original data before aggregation.

Syntax Format

* | SELECT column, aggregate function GROUP BY [ column name | alias | serial number ] HAVING aggregate function operator value
The operator can be =, <>, >, <, >=, <=, BETWEEN, IN, or LIKE.

Syntax Example

Get URLs whose average response time is greater than 1,000 ms in descending order:
* | 
select 
  avg(responseTime) as time_avg, 
  URL 
group by 
  URL 
having 
  avg(responseTime)> 1000 
order by 
  avg(responseTime) desc 
limit 
  10000
The filter condition is the average response time of each URL, which is the aggregate result, and therefore, WHERE cannot be used for data filtering.
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