C and C++ are both general-purpose programming languages but differ in several key aspects:
Paradigm: C is a procedural programming language, focusing on functions and sequences of actions to perform. C++, on the other hand, supports multiple programming paradigms including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): C++ supports OOP features such as classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, which allow for more modular and reusable code. C does not support these OOP features natively.
Standard Template Library (STL): C++ includes the STL, a collection of template classes and functions for various data structures and algorithms, which simplifies complex tasks. C does not have an equivalent to the STL.
Exception Handling: C++ provides a built-in mechanism for exception handling, which allows for more robust error management in programs. C relies on error codes and manual checks for error handling.
Namespaces: C++ introduces namespaces, which help avoid naming conflicts by allowing you to group related code under a specific namespace. C does not support namespaces.
Constructors and Destructors: C++ supports constructors and destructors, special member functions that are automatically called when an object is created or destroyed, facilitating resource management. C does not have constructors or destructors.
Example:
In C++, you might define a class to represent a rectangle:
class Rectangle {
public:
int width, height;
Rectangle(int w, int h) : width(w), height(h) {}
int area() { return width * height; }
};
In C, you would use structs and functions separately:
typedef struct {
int width, height;
} Rectangle;
int rectangle_area(Rectangle r) {
return r.width * r.height;
}
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