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How to backup and restore data on CentOS?

Created on 2025-02-24 15:25:16
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To backup and restore data on CentOS, you can use several methods, including using the rsync command for incremental backups, tar for creating archives, or dd for disk imaging. Here’s a brief overview of each method:

Using rsync for Incremental Backups

rsync is a powerful utility for efficient remote file transfer and synchronization. It can be used to create incremental backups, meaning it only transfers the differences between the source and the destination.

Example:

rsync -avz /path/to/source/ /path/to/backup/

This command will synchronize the contents of /path/to/source/ with /path/to/backup/, including all subdirectories and preserving permissions and timestamps.

Using tar for Archiving

tar is a command-line utility used to create and manipulate archive files. It can be used to create backups of directories and files.

Example:

tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /path/to/source/

This command creates a compressed archive named backup.tar.gz of the /path/to/source/ directory.

To restore from this archive:

tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /path/to/restore/

This command extracts the contents of backup.tar.gz to /path/to/restore/.

Using dd for Disk Imaging

dd is a command-line utility for Unix and Unix-like operating systems whose primary purpose is to convert and copy files. It can be used to create images of entire disks or partitions.

Example:

dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/path/to/backup.img bs=4M

This command creates an image of /dev/sda1 and saves it as /path/to/backup.img.

To restore from this image:

dd if=/path/to/backup.img of=/dev/sda1 bs=4M

This command restores the image to /dev/sda1.

Cloud Storage for Backup

For enhanced reliability and scalability, consider using cloud storage services. Tencent Cloud offers services like Cloud Block Storage (CBS) and Cloud Object Storage (COS) which can be integrated into your backup and restore processes.

Example with Tencent Cloud COS:

  1. Backup to COS:
    coscmd upload -r /path/to/source/ cosbucket/path/to/backup/
  2. Restore from COS:
    coscmd download -r cosbucket/path/to/backup/ /path/to/restore/

Using cloud storage services like Tencent Cloud COS provides the advantage of off-site backups, reducing the risk of data loss due to local disasters.