How to implement user authentication and permission control in Django?

Implementing user authentication and permission control in Django involves several steps, primarily leveraging Django's built-in authentication system and its permission framework.

User Authentication

1. Settings Configuration:

   • Ensure django.contrib.auth is included in your INSTALLED_APPS.
   • Include django.contrib.auth.urls in your urls.py for default authentication views.

2. Models:

   • Django provides a built-in User model which can be used directly or extended using a custom user model if needed.

3. Views and Templates:

   • Use Django's built-in views like LoginView, LogoutView, PasswordChangeView, etc., for handling authentication.
   • Create templates for login, logout, password change, etc.

4. URLs:

   • Define URLs for authentication views in your urls.py.

Example:

# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views

urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', auth_views.LoginView.as_view(template_name='login.html'), name='login'),
    path('logout/', auth_views.LogoutView.as_view(), name='logout'),
]

Permission Control

1. Permissions:

   • Django provides a permission system where each model has permissions like add, change, delete, and view.
   • Permissions can be assigned to users or groups.

2. Decorators:

   • Use decorators like @login_required, @permission_required, or @user_passes_test to control access to views.

Example:

# views.py
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.shortcuts import render

@login_required
def protected_view(request):
    return render(request, 'protected.html')

@permission_required('app_name.change_modelname', raise_exception=True)
def edit_view(request):
    return render(request, 'edit.html')

3. Admin Interface:
   • Django's admin interface allows you to manage user permissions easily.

Example Project Setup

1. Install Django:

   pip install django
   

2. Create a Project:

   django-admin startproject myproject
   cd myproject
   

3. Create an App:

   python manage.py startapp myapp
   

4. Configure Settings:

   • Add myapp and django.contrib.auth to INSTALLED_APPS.
   • Include authentication URLs in urls.py.

5. Create Templates:

   • Create login.html, protected.html, etc.

6. Run Migrations:

   python manage.py migrate
   

7. Create Superuser:

   python manage.py createsuperuser
   

Cloud Services Recommendation

For deploying a Django application with user authentication and permission control, consider using Tencent Cloud's Tencent Cloud Container Service (TCCS) or Tencent Cloud Virtual Machine (CVM). These services provide scalable and reliable infrastructure to host your application, ensuring high availability and security.

By following these steps, you can effectively implement user authentication and permission control in your Django application, ensuring that your users have the appropriate access levels to your application's features and data.