Handling and resolving Git code conflicts involves several steps to ensure that changes from different branches or commits can be merged smoothly without losing data or functionality.
Explanation:
Identify Conflicts: When you try to merge branches or pull changes, Git will notify you of any conflicts between the files. You can use commands like git status to see which files have conflicts.
Locate Conflict Markers: Open the conflicting files in your code editor. Git marks the conflicted areas with special markers:
<<<<<<< HEAD marks the beginning of your changes.======= separates your changes from the incoming changes.>>>>>>> branch-name marks the end of the incoming changes.Resolve Conflicts: Manually edit the file to resolve the conflicts. Decide whether to keep your changes, the incoming changes, or a combination of both. Remove the conflict markers once you've resolved the conflicts.
Test Changes: After resolving conflicts, it's crucial to test your code to ensure that the merge didn't introduce bugs or issues.
Commit Resolved Conflicts: Once you're satisfied with the resolution, stage and commit the changes using git add <file> and git commit.
Example:
Suppose you have two branches, main and feature, and both have made changes to the same file, app.js.
On main, app.js has:
function greet() {
console.log("Hello, world!");
}
On feature, app.js has:
function greet() {
console.log("Hi there!");
}
When you try to merge feature into main, Git will mark the conflict in app.js as:
<<<<<<< HEAD
function greet() {
console.log("Hello, world!");
}
=======
function greet() {
console.log("Hi there!");
}
>>>>>>> feature
You would then edit app.js to decide which greeting to keep or combine them:
function greet() {
console.log("Hello, there!");
}
After resolving the conflict, you stage and commit the file:
git add app.js
git commit -m "Resolved merge conflict in app.js"
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