How to perform file and directory operations in Perl?

In Perl, file and directory operations are commonly performed using modules like File::Spec, File::Basename, File::Path, and the core functions such as open, close, opendir, readdir, mkdir, rmdir, rename, and unlink.

File Operations

Reading from a File:

open(my $fh, '<', 'filename.txt') or die "Could not open file 'filename.txt' $!";
while (my $row = <$fh>) {
    chomp $row;
    print "$row\n";
}
close($fh);

Writing to a File:

open(my $fh, '>', 'output.txt') or die "Could not open file 'output.txt' $!";
print $fh "Hello, World!\n";
close($fh);

Appending to a File:

open(my $fh, '>>', 'log.txt') or die "Could not open file 'log.txt' $!";
print $fh "Appended text.\n";
close($fh);

Directory Operations

Listing Directory Contents:

opendir(my $dh, '.') or die "Could not open directory '.' $!";
while (readdir $dh) {
    next if /^\.{1,2}$/; # Skip . and ..
    print "$_\n";
}
closedir($dh);

Creating a Directory:

use File::Path qw(make_path);
make_path('new_directory') or die "Could not create directory 'new_directory' $!";

Removing a Directory:

use File::Path qw(rmtree);
rmtree('directory_to_remove') or die "Could not remove directory 'directory_to_remove' $!";

Renaming a File or Directory:

rename('oldname.txt', 'newname.txt') or die "Could not rename file 'oldname.txt' to 'newname.txt' $!";

Example: Copying a File

use File::Copy;
copy('source.txt', 'destination.txt') or die "Copy failed: $!";

Cloud Storage Integration

For handling large-scale file operations or managing files in a cloud environment, consider using services like Tencent Cloud's Object Storage (COS). COS provides a robust, scalable, and secure storage solution that can be integrated with Perl applications through APIs or SDKs. This allows for efficient file management, including uploading, downloading, and deleting files, as well as managing directories within the cloud storage.

For instance, you can use the Tencent Cloud COS SDK for Perl to perform operations like uploading a file:

use COS::Client;
my $client = COS::Client->new(
    SecretId     => 'YOUR_SECRET_ID',
    SecretKey    => 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY',
    Region       => 'ap-guangzhou',
);

$client->put_object(
    Bucket => 'examplebucket-1250000000',
    Key    => 'object_name_in_cos',
    Body   => 'Hello, COS!',
);

This integration enables seamless file operations within a cloud-native application context.