Qubes OS primarily utilizes the Xen hypervisor to run multiple virtual machines (VMs), each with its own operating system. Each VM in Qubes OS typically runs a different type of operating system, and these VMs communicate with each other through a secure inter-VM communication channel.
In terms of file systems, Qubes OS itself doesn't specify a particular file system. Instead, the file systems supported depend on the operating systems running within each VM. For example:
Linux VMs: Linux-based VMs in Qubes OS can support a wide range of file systems such as ext3, ext4, Btrfs, XFS, and more.
Windows VMs: Windows-based VMs can support NTFS, FAT32, and exFAT.
Other OS VMs: Other operating systems, such as Fedora or Whonix, can support their respective file systems.
Qubes OS focuses on security and isolation rather than dictating specific file systems. Users can choose the file systems that best suit their needs within each VM.
If you're looking for a cloud service that offers similar isolation and security features, you might consider services like Tencent Cloud's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), which provides isolated network environments and can host various operating systems and file systems.