What are the control flow statements in Swift?

Control flow statements in Swift determine the order in which code is executed. They manage the flow of execution based on conditions or loops. Here are some common types:

1. If and Else Statements: These statements allow the program to execute certain code blocks only if specific conditions are met.

   • Example:

     let temperature = 25
     if temperature > 20 {
         print("It's warm outside")
     } else {
         print("It's cold outside")
     }
     

2. Switch Statements: Switch statements provide an alternative to long chains of if...else statements. They evaluate an expression and attempt to match the expression’s value to a case label.

   • Example:

     let vegetable = "red pepper"
     switch vegetable {
     case "celery":
         print("Add some raisins and make ants on a log.")
     case "cucumber", "watercress":
         print("That would make a good tea.")
     case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"):
         print("Is it a spicy \(x)?")
     default:
         print("Everything tastes good in soup.")
     }
     

3. For Loops: For loops are used to iterate over a sequence of values.

   • Example:

     for index in 1...5 {
         print("\(index) times 5 is \(index * 5)")
     }
     

4. While Loops: While loops continue to execute as long as a specified condition is true.

   • Example:

     var count = 0
     while count < 5 {
         print(count)
         count += 1
     }
     

5. Repeat...While Loops: These loops execute once before evaluating the condition, then continue to execute as long as the condition is true.

   • Example:

     var count = 0
     repeat {
         print(count)
         count += 1
     } while count < 5
     

6. Guard Statements: Guard statements are used to transfer program control out of a scope if one or more conditions aren’t met.

   • Example:

     func greet(person: String?) {
         guard let name = person else {
             print("Hello, stranger")
             return
         }
         print("Hello, \(name)")
     }
     

These control flow statements are fundamental in Swift programming, allowing for dynamic and responsive applications.

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