To view and manage system resources on Unix systems, you can use various command-line tools and utilities. Here are some common methods:
Top Command: The top command provides a dynamic real-time view of the running system. It displays a list of processes and their resource usage, such as CPU and memory.
Example:
top
htop Command: htop is an interactive process viewer for Unix systems. It is a text-mode application that allows you to monitor system resources and manage running processes.
Example:
htop
vmstat Command: The vmstat command reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU activity.
Example:
vmstat 1 5
This command will update the statistics every second for five intervals.
iostat Command: iostat is used for monitoring system input/output device loading by observing the time the devices are active in relation to their average transfer rates.
Example:
iostat -x 1 5
This command will display extended statistics every second for five intervals.
free Command: The free command displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel.
Example:
free -h
The -h option makes the output more human-readable.
df Command: df stands for disk free and is used to display the amount of disk space used and available on Linux file systems.
Example:
df -h
For managing system resources, you might also use commands like kill to terminate processes, nice and renice to adjust process priorities, and cgroups (control groups) to limit, account for, and isolate the resource usage of collections of processes.
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