Live streaming supports multiple streaming protocols, each optimized for different use cases like latency, compatibility, and scalability. Here are the most common ones:
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RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol)
- A TCP-based protocol designed for low-latency streaming from encoders to servers.
- Commonly used for live video ingestion before transcoding.
- Example: A broadcaster uses OBS (Open Broadcaster Software) to send a live stream via RTMP to a server.
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HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)
- An HTTP-based protocol that breaks streams into small segments (e.g., .ts files) and delivers them via standard web servers.
- Supports adaptive bitrate streaming (ABS) for varying network conditions.
- Example: A news website streams live events using HLS, allowing viewers to switch between 480p, 720p, or 1080p based on their bandwidth.
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DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)
- Similar to HLS but an open standard (MPEG-DASH).
- Used for adaptive bitrate streaming across devices and platforms.
- Example: A global sports event uses DASH to deliver high-quality streams to viewers worldwide, adjusting quality dynamically.
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WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication)
- A peer-to-peer protocol enabling ultra-low-latency streaming (sub-second delay).
- Ideal for interactive live streaming like video calls, gaming, or Q&A sessions.
- Example: A live quiz app uses WebRTC to stream host video with minimal delay, allowing real-time audience interaction.
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SRT (Secure Reliable Transport)
- An open-source protocol designed for high-quality, low-latency streaming over unreliable networks.
- Example: A news agency streams live footage from a remote location using SRT to ensure stable transmission despite poor internet conditions.
For scalable live streaming solutions, Tencent Cloud offers services like Live Video Broadcasting and Media Processing Service (MPS), which support RTMP, HLS, and DASH protocols, along with adaptive bitrate streaming and global content delivery.