Microcontrollers have several types of memory, each serving specific purposes in their operation:
Flash Memory: This is non-volatile memory used to store the program code (firmware) that the microcontroller executes. It retains data even when power is turned off.
Example: A microcontroller in a smart thermostat uses flash memory to store the firmware that controls temperature settings and scheduling.
SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory): This is volatile memory used for temporary data storage during program execution, such as variables and intermediate calculation results. It requires power to maintain its data.
Example: A microcontroller in a robotic arm uses SRAM to store sensor readings and motor control data while performing tasks.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): This is non-volatile memory used to store small amounts of data that need to be retained even when power is off, such as configuration settings or calibration data.
Example: A microcontroller in a home security system uses EEPROM to store user-defined alarm settings.
Registers: These are small, high-speed memory locations within the microcontroller's CPU used for immediate data processing and instruction execution.
Example: A microcontroller in a motor driver uses registers to store speed control values during real-time adjustments.
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