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What file type should I choose when importing a database?

Created on 2026-02-06 22:24:57
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When importing a database, the file type you should choose depends on the database management system (DBMS) you are using and the format of the exported data. The most common file types for database imports are:

  1. SQL (.sql) – This is the most widely used format, containing SQL statements to recreate the database structure (tables, indexes, etc.) and insert data. It is compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and other SQL-based databases.

    • Example: If you exported a MySQL database using mysqldump, the file will typically be a .sql file. You can import it using the command:
      mysql -u username -p database_name < file.sql
    • Tencent Cloud Recommendation: For MySQL/MariaDB on Tencent Cloud, you can use the TencentDB for MySQL console or import via the Database Import Tool in the Tencent Cloud Console.

  2. CSV (.csv) – Used for importing tabular data (rows and columns) into tables. Suitable for bulk data insertion but does not include schema or SQL commands.

    • Example: If you have a spreadsheet of user data, you can save it as .csv and import it into a table using tools like LOAD DATA INFILE in MySQL or a database GUI.

  3. JSON (.json) – Often used for NoSQL databases like MongoDB or when importing structured data that doesn’t fit SQL schemas.

    • Example: MongoDB supports importing .json files using the mongoimport tool.

  4. BACPAC (.bacpac) – A Microsoft SQL Server format that includes both schema and data, used for Azure SQL Database or SQL Server.

  5. DUMP (.dump, .backup) – Some databases (like PostgreSQL) use custom dump formats. For PostgreSQL, you might use .dump files with pg_restore or psql.

Best Practice:

  • For relational databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server), .sql is the safest choice.
  • For NoSQL (MongoDB), .json or .bson may be required.
  • For Tencent Cloud’s TencentDB, check the specific import guide for your database type (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB).

If you're using Tencent Cloud’s Database Services, the console usually provides guided import options based on your database engine.