mkdir -p /root/quick-start && python3 -m venv /root/quick-start
cd /root/quick-start
./bin/pip3 install paho-mqtt

# python 3.11

import time
import logging

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client


host = 'mqtt-sample-sh-public.mqtt.tencenttdmq.com'
port = 1883
topic = "home/room/1"
client_id = 'QuickStart'
username = 'your-username'
password = 'your-password'

FIRST_RECONNECT_DELAY = 1
RECONNECT_RATE = 2
MAX_RECONNECT_COUNT = 12
MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY = 60

def on_disconnect(client, userdata, rc, properties):
    logging.info("Disconnected with result code: %s", rc)
    reconnect_count, reconnect_delay = 0, FIRST_RECONNECT_DELAY
    while reconnect_count < MAX_RECONNECT_COUNT:
        logging.info("Reconnecting in %d seconds...", reconnect_delay)
        time.sleep(reconnect_delay)

        try:
            client.reconnect()
            logging.info("Reconnected successfully!")
            return
        except Exception as err:
            logging.error("%s. Reconnect failed. Retrying...", err)

        reconnect_delay *= RECONNECT_RATE
        reconnect_delay = min(reconnect_delay, MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY)
        reconnect_count += 1
    logging.info("Reconnect failed after %s attempts. Exiting...", reconnect_count)

def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print(f"Received `{msg.payload.decode()}` from `{msg.topic}` topic")    

def connect_mqtt():
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc, properties):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\\n", rc)
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    client = mqtt_client.Client(mqtt_client.CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION2, client_id, clean_session=True, userdata=None, protocol=mqtt_client.MQTTv311)
    client.username_pw_set(username, password)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
    client.on_message = on_message
    client.enable_logger()
    client.connect(host, port)
    return client

def on_subscribe(client, userdata, mid, reason_code_list, properties):
    # Since we subscribed only for a single channel, reason_code_list contains
    # a single entry
    if reason_code_list[0].is_failure:
        print(f"Broker rejected you subscription: {reason_code_list[0]}")
    else:
        print(f"Broker granted the following QoS: {reason_code_list[0].value}")

def on_unsubscribe(client, userdata, mid, reason_code_list, properties):
    # Be careful, the reason_code_list is only present in MQTTv5.
    # In MQTTv3 it will always be empty
    if len(reason_code_list) == 0 or not reason_code_list[0].is_failure:
        print("unsubscribe succeeded (if SUBACK is received in MQTTv3 it success)")
    else:
        print(f"Broker replied with failure: {reason_code_list[0]}")

def subscribe(client):
    client.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
    client.on_unsubscribe = on_unsubscribe
    # Subscribe topic with QoS 1
    client.subscribe(topic, 1)
    print(f"Subscribed `{topic}`")


def publish(client):
    msg_count = 1
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        msg = f"messages: {msg_count}"
        result = client.publish(topic, msg)
        # result: [0, 1]
        status = result[0]
        if status == 0:
            print(f"Send `{msg}` to topic `{topic}`")
        else:
            print(f"Failed to send message to topic {topic}")
        msg_count += 1
        if msg_count > 5:
            break


def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()
    client.loop_start()
    subscribe(client)
    publish(client)
    client.loop_stop()
    time.sleep(30)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()


cd /root/quick-start
./bin/python3 example.py

DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending CONNECT (u1, p1, wr0, wq0, wf0, c1, k60) client_id=b'quick-start'
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending SUBSCRIBE (d0, m1) [(b'home/room/1', 1)]
Subscribed `home/room/1`
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received CONNACK (0, 0)
Connected to MQTT Broker!
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received SUBACK
Broker granted the following QoS: 1
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m2), 'b'home/room/1'', ... (11 bytes)
Send `messages: 1` to topic `home/room/1`
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m0), 'home/room/1', ...  (11 bytes)
Received `messages: 1` from `home/room/1` topic
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m3), 'b'home/room/1'', ... (11 bytes)
Send `messages: 2` to topic `home/room/1`
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m0), 'home/room/1', ...  (11 bytes)
Received `messages: 2` from `home/room/1` topic
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m4), 'b'home/room/1'', ... (11 bytes)
Send `messages: 3` to topic `home/room/1`
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m0), 'home/room/1', ...  (11 bytes)
Received `messages: 3` from `home/room/1` topic
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m5), 'b'home/room/1'', ... (11 bytes)
Send `messages: 4` to topic `home/room/1`
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Received PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m0), 'home/room/1', ...  (11 bytes)
Received `messages: 4` from `home/room/1` topic
DEBUG:paho.mqtt.client:Sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m6), 'b'home/room/1'', ... (11 bytes)
Send `messages: 5` to topic `home/room/1`
Received `messages: 5` from `home/room/1` topic