tencent cloud

Migrating a non-HDFS file

If your source file is not an HDFS file, upload it to COS via the COS console or API, and then analyze it in the EMR cluster.

Migrating an HDFS file

1. Get the COS migration tool
   Get the migration tool hdfs_to_cos_tools. For more migration tools, see Tool Overview.
2. Configuring the tool
   All configuration files are stored in the conf directory of the tool directory. Copy the core-site.xml file of the HDFS cluster to be synced to conf, which contains the configuration information of the NameNode. Edit the configuration file cos_info.conf by including your appid, bucket, region, and key information.
3. Command parameter descriptions

   Note：

   • We recommend you use a sub-account key and follow the principle of least privilege to avoid leaking resources besides your buckets and objects.
   • If you need to use a permanent key, we recommend you follow the principle of least privilege to limit the scope of permission for the permanent key.

-ak <ak>                                the cos secret id // Your `SecretId`. We recommend you use a sub-account key and follow the principle of least privilege to reduce risks. For information on how to get a sub-account key, visit https://www.tencentcloud.com/document/product/598/32675.
-appid,--appid <appid>                  the cos appid
-bucket,--bucket <bucket_name>          the cos bucket name
-cos_info_file,--cos_info_file <arg>    the cos user info config default is ./conf/cos_info.conf
-cos_path,--cos_path <cos_path>         the absolute cos folder path
-h,--help                               print help message
-hdfs_conf_file,--hdfs_conf_file <arg>  the hdfs info config default is ./conf/core-site.xml
-hdfs_path,--hdfs_path <hdfs_path>      the hdfs path
-region,--region <region>               the cos region. legal value cn-south, cn-east, cn-north, sg
-sk <sk>                                the cos secret key // Your `SecretKey`. We recommend you use a sub-account key and follow the principle of least privilege to reduce risks. For information on how to get a sub-account key, visit https://www.tencentcloud.com/document/product/598/32675.
-skip_if_len_match,--skip_if_len_match  skip upload if hadoop file length match cos

4. Executing data migration

   # All operations must be performed in the tool directory. If both configuration files and command line parameters are set, the latter will prevail
   ./hdfs_to_cos_cmd -h
   # Copy from HDFS to COS (if a file already exists in COS, it will be overwritten)
   ./hdfs_to_cos_cmd --hdfs_path=/tmp/hive --cos_path=/hdfs/20170224/
   # Copy from HDFS to COS, and if a file to be copied is of the same length as a file in COS, then it is skipped (this is suitable for repeated copy)
   # Only the length is checked here, as the overheads would be very high if the digests of files in Hadoop are to be calculated
   ./hdfs_to_cos_cmd --hdfs_path=/tmp/hive --cos_path=/hdfs/20170224/ -skip_if_len_match
   # Set parameters completely through the command line
   ./hdfs_to_cos_cmd -appid 1252xxxxxx -ak
      AKIDVt55xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -sk
      KS08jDVbVElxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -bucket test -cos_path /hdfs
      -hdfs_path /data/data -region cn-south -hdfs_conf_file
   /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.1/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
   

5. After the command is verified and run, a log will be output as shown below:

   [Folder Operation Result : [ 53(sum)/ 53(ok) / 0(fail)]]
   [File Operation Result: [22(sum)/ 22(ok) / 0(fail) / 0(skip)]]
   [Used Time: 3 s]
   

• sum indicates the total number of files to be migrated.
• ok indicates the number of files successfully migrated.
• fail indicates the number of files failed to be migrated.
• skip indicates the number of files skipped because they have the same length as the files of the same name in the destination after the skip_if_len_match parameter is added.

You can also log in to the COS console to see whether the data has been migrated correctly.

FAQs

• Make sure that the configuration information is correct, including appID, key, bucket, and region. Make sure that the server time is the same as Beijing time (1-minute difference is acceptable. If the difference is too large, reset your server time).
• Make sure that the server for the copy program is accessible to DateNode. The NameNode uses a public IP address and can be accessed, but the DateNode where the obtained block is located uses a private IP address and cannot be accessed; therefore, we recommend you place the copy program in a Hadoop node for execution, so that both the NameNode and DateNode can be accessed.
• In case of a permissions issue, use the current account to download a file with the Hadoop command, check whether everything is correct, and then use the synchronization tool to sync the data in Hadoop.  
• Files that already exist in COS are overwritten by default in case of repeated upload, unless you explicitly specify the -skip_if_len_match parameter, which indicates to skip files if they have the same length as the existing files.
• The COS path is always considered as a directory, and files that are eventually copied from HDFS will be stored in this directory.