Manual Setup of LNMP (CentOS 8)

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Manual Setup of LNMP (CentOS 8)

Last updated: 2024-03-26 16:26:11

Overview
The LNMP environment is a website server architecture consisting of Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP running on Linux. This document describes how to manually set up the LNMP environment on a Tencent Cloud CVM.
To manually set up the LNMP environment, you should familiarize yourself with common Linux commands and understand the usage and version compatibility of the software to be installed.
Software
The following software is used to build the LNMP environment.
CentOS is a distribution of the Linux operating system. This document uses CentOS 8.0 as an example.
Nginx is a web server. This document uses Nginx 1.18.0 as an example.
MySQL is a database software. This document uses MySQL 8.0.21 as an example.
PHP is a scripting language. This document uses PHP 7.4.11 as an example.
Prerequisites
A Linux CVM is required to set up a LNMP environment. If you have not purchased a Linux CVM yet, see Customizing Linux CVM Configurations.
Directions
Step 1: log in to a Linux instance
See Log into Linux Instance Using Standard Login Method. You can also use other login methods that you are more comfortable with:
Log in to Linux Instances via Remote Login Tools
Log in to Linux Instances via a SSH Key
Step 2: install and configure Nginx
1. Run the following command to install Nginx.
Note: 
This document takes installing Nginx 1.18.0 as an example. You can view Nginx installation package to obtain more versions that are compatible with CentOS 8.
dnf -y install http://nginx.org/packages/centos/8/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.18.0-1.el8.ngx.x86_64.rpm
2. Run the following command to view the Nginx version.
nginx -v
If the following result is returned, it indicates that Nginx has been successfully installed.
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
3. Run the following command to check the Nginx configuration file path.
cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
The /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf under the include configuration item indicates the default path of the Nginx configuration file.
4. Run the following commands in sequence to back up the configuration file under the default path.
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
cp default.conf default.conf.bak
5. Run the following command to open the default.conf file.
vim default.conf
6. Press i to switch to the edit mode to modify the default.conf file.
6.1 Add “index.php” to index under location, as shown below:
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6.2 Delete the prefixed # of location ~  \\\\.php$ and modify the following configuration items:
Change root to your website root directory. This document uses /usr/share/nginx/html; as an example.
Change fastcgi_pass to unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;. This configuration should be the same as listen in the /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf file, because Nginx is associated with PHP-FPM through UNIX sockets.
Replace /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; after fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME with $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;.
The result should be as follows:
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7. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
8. Run the following commands in sequence to enable Ngnix autostart.
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
Step 3: install and configure MySQL
1. Run the following command to install MySQL.
dnf -y install @mysql
2. Run the following command to view the MySQL version.
mysql -V
If the following result is returned, it indicates that MySQL has been successfully installed.
mysql  Ver 8.0.21 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)
3. Run the following commands in consequence to enable MySQL autostart.
systemctl enable --now mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
4. Run the following command to complete security configurations and set password for MySQL
mysql_secure_installation
Perform the following steps:
4.1 Enter y and press Enter to start configurations.
4.2 Choose a password policy. A strong password policy is recommended. Enter 2 and press Enter.
0: indicates a loose policy.
1: indicates a medium policy.
 2: indicates a strict policy.
4.3 Set the password for MySQL and press Enter. The password you entered will not be displayed by default.
4.4 Re-enter your password, press Enter and enter y to confirm the password.
4.5 Enter y and press Enter to remove anonymous users.
4.6 Configure whether to disable the remote connection to MySQL:
Yes: enter y and press Enter.
No: enter n and press Enter.
4.7 Enter y and press Enter to delete the test library and access permission to it.
4.8 Enter y and press Enter to reload the authorization table.
Step 4: install and configure PHP
1. Run the following commands in sequence to add and update EPEL repository.
dnf -y install epel-release
dnf update epel-release
2. Run the following commands in sequence to delete the cached unnecessary software package and update the software repository.
dnf clean all
dnf makecache
3. Run the following command to install the REMI repository.
Note: 
Skip this step if you install PHP of version other than 7.4.11.
dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
4. Run the following command to start the PHP 7.4 component.
dnf module install php:remi-7.4
5. Run the following command to install the required PHP components.
dnf install php php-curl php-dom php-exif php-fileinfo php-fpm php-gd php-hash php-json php-mbstring php-mysqli php-openssl php-pcre php-xml libsodium
Run the following command to view the PHP version.
php -v
If the following result is returned, it indicates that PHP has been successfully installed.
PHP 7.4.11 (cli) (built: Sep 29 2020 10:17:06) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
 with Zend OPcache v7.4.11, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
6. Run the following command to open the www.conf file.
vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
7. Press i to switch to the edit mode and modify the www.conf  file.
8. Change user = apache to user = nginx and group = apache to group = nginx, as shown below.
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9. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
10. Run the following commands in sequence to start PHP-FPM and enable PHP-FPM autostart.
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
Verifying the Environment Configuration
1. Run the following command to create a test file.
Note: 
This document uses /usr/share/nginx/html that you configured for your website root directory in Nginx as an example.
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php
2. Enter the following URL in your browser and verify whether the environment has been successfully configured. For more information about how to obtain the public IP address of the instance, see Getting Public IP Addresses.
http://Public IP address of the CVM instance/index.php
If the following appears, the environment has been successfully configured.
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Relevant Operations
After the LNMP environment is built, you can manually build a WordPress website to familiarize yourself with CVM and its features.
FAQs
If you encounter a problem when using CVM, refer to the following documents for troubleshooting as needed:
For issues regarding CVM login, see Password Login and SSH Key Login and Login and Remote Access.
For issues regarding the CVM network, see IP Address and Port.
For issues regarding CVM disks, see System and Data Disks.