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    VNC or SSH Login Error (Permission Denied)

    Last updated: 2024-01-06 17:32:18
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      Error Description

      The error message “Permission denied” is reported when I log in using VNC or SSH key.
      The VNC login error is shown below:
      
      
      The SSH login error is shown below:
      
      

      Possible Reasons

      Using the VNC or SSH login will call system-auth for authentication if this module is configured in the /etc/pam.d/login configuration file. By default, the system-auth module introduces the pam_limits.so module. The default system-auth configuration is as shown below:
      
      The pam_limits.so module is mainly used to limit the use of system resources during the user session. Its default configuration file /etc/security/limits.conf specifies the maximum number of files, the maximum number of threads, the maximum memory and other resources that a user can use. See the table below for details.
      Parameter
      Description
      soft nofile
      The maximum number of open file descriptors (soft limit)
      hard nofile
      The maximum number of open file descriptors (hard limit), which cannot be exceeded.
      fs.file-max
      The maximum number of open file handles (struct file in the kernel) at the system level.
      fs.nr_open
      The maximum number of file descriptors (fd) assigned to a process
      The login failure may be caused by incorrect configurations of the maximum number of open file descriptors for the root account in the /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file. The set value of soft nofile should be no more than hard nofile, and hard nofile should be no more than fs.nr_open.

      Solutions

      Perform the troubleshooting procedure to correct the relationship configurations of soft nofile, hard nofile and fs.nr_open.

      Troubleshooting Procedure

      If login succeeded, proceed to the next step.
      If login failed, use single user mode.For more information, see Booting into Linux Single User Mode.
      2. Check whether the set values meet the relationship soft nofile ≤ hard nofile ≤ fs.nr_open.
      Run the following command to obtain the values of soft nofile and hard nofile.
      /etc/security/limits.conf
      In this example, their values are 3000001 and 3000002 respectively, as shown below.
      
      
      Run the following command to check the fs.nr_open value.
      sysctl -a 2>/dev/null | grep -Ei "file-max|nr_open"
      In this example, its value is 1048576, as shown below.
      
      
      3. Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file to add or modify the following configurations at the end of the file.
      root soft nofile: 100001
      root hard nofile: 100002
      4. Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file to add or modify the following configurations at the end of the file.
      Note:
      This step is optional when the relationship soft nofile ≤ hard nofile ≤ fs.nr_open is met. Perform this step to increase the system limit.
      fs.file-max = 2000000
      fs.nr_open = 2000000
      5. Run the following command for the configuration to take effect immediately. Then you can log in normally.
      sysctl -p
      
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